2024-01-24 中國日報香港版

A multifaceted approach must be taken to revitalize residents' mental well-being   

The World Health Organization (WHO) has noted that globally, one in seven individuals aged 10 to 19 has experienced mental disorders. Conditions such as depression, anxiety and behavioral disorders are significant contributors to youth illness and disability, with suicide ranking as the fourth-leading cause of death among 15-to-19-year-olds. Failure to address mental health issues during childhood and adolescence has lasting consequences into adulthood, impacting overall well-being and limiting quality of life.

On Dec 27, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government introduced the 24-hour "emotional support" 18111 hotline, a collaborative effort involving approximately 20 relevant organizations. This is the first government-funded hotline, operational round-the-clock with live attendants providing services in Cantonese and English.

Ensuring that at least six professionals are on duty, the hotline aims to offer comprehensive, one-stop assistance for individuals of all ages and backgrounds. The choice of "18111" symbolizes coverage across all 18 districts, emphasizing prompt and comprehensive support through a single hotline. The hotline significantly elevates the standard of mental health services for residents, providing immediate support and referrals for those facing emotional distress.

In response to the increasing awareness of mental health issues among youth in recent years, the government's initiatives, including the establishment of the "Shall We Talk" mental health website and the creation of the 18111 hotline, demonstrate a targeted and proactive approach.

With nearly half of Hong Kong's youth reluctant to seek professional help for mental health concerns, collaborative efforts among the government, organizations, schools and families are crucial. Strengthening mental health awareness and fostering a positive social atmosphere are essential to providing better care for the mental well-being of residents.

A recent epidemiological survey by the University of Hong Kong's Department of Psychiatry revealed that almost 17 percent of surveyed adolescents experienced symptoms of mental disorders in the past year, with depression being the most prevalent at 13.7 percent. Alarmingly, 74.1 percent of individuals with mental disorders did not receive any form of treatment or service. The increase in suicides or suicide attempts among those aged 18 and below from August to October 2023, compared to the same period in the previous year, has raised significant societal concern.

Recognizing that mental health is integral to overall health, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government has adopted a comprehensive and interdisciplinary service model. Initiatives such as the establishment of the Advisory Committee on Mental Health in 2017, Mental Health Month and educational programs for youth mental health reflected the government's commitment to residents' mental well-being.

The evolving mental health needs of children and adolescents in the post-pandemic era, underscored by data from Samaritans Hong Kong highlighting a substantial increase in youth suicide rates, demand urgent attention. Addressing the emotional distress of various vulnerable groups, including students, seniors and caregivers of mental health recovery individuals, requires targeted support to overcome stigma and discrimination. The government's three-tier mechanism for handling emotional distress issues in schools, involving in-school support, external referrals, and direct contact between principals and the Hospital Authority, is a step toward providing timely assistance.

According to WHO statistics, the global suicide rate among individuals aged 15 to 29 remained high in recent years. The challenges of readjustment for students returning to school after a three-year pandemic highlight the need for fostering a positive and optimistic atmosphere in society. Elevating the importance of mental health, especially among youth, contributes to a civilized and compassionate city.

To foster a positive atmosphere and enhance the mental health of residents, especially adolescents, in Hong Kong, a multifaceted approach is crucial:

Promoting awareness and understanding: Conduct widespread campaigns to raise awareness about mental health issues, eradicating stigma and fostering a more empathetic understanding within the community.

Education and prevention: Integrate mental health education into school curricula, promoting emotional well-being from an early age and equipping students with coping mechanisms. Implement preventive measures targeting identified risk factors for mental health problems among adolescents.

Accessible support services: Continue and expand initiatives like the "emotional support" hotline (18111) with real-time assistance and referrals to reach a broader audience. Ensure professionals from diverse backgrounds are available on the hotline to cater to the varied needs of callers.

Collaboration and coordination: Establish collaborations between the government, political entities, community organizations, schools and families to form a unified support network. Strengthen the existing three-tier mechanism for addressing emotional distress in schools, ensuring seamless communication between educators, healthcare providers, and parents.

Proactive mental health initiatives: Develop and implement proactive mental health programs in schools, workplaces and communities to create a culture of well-being. Organize events, forums, and workshops focusing on mental health to engage residents and facilitate open discussions.

Targeted interventions: Identify and address specific challenges faced by different vulnerable groups, such as students, the elderly, and caregivers of those in mental health recovery. Tailor interventions to meet the unique needs of "hidden" groups that may be hesitant to seek help due to societal concerns.

Public campaigns: Launch public campaigns emphasizing the importance of mental health, drawing parallels between a city's civilization and the well-being of its residents. Leverage various media platforms to disseminate information, encouraging residents to prioritize their mental health.

Integration of comprehensive services: Strengthen the integration of mental health services, emphasizing a holistic approach that includes promotion, prevention, early identification, intervention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Continuously update and refine existing services based on evolving societal needs and emerging mental health challenges.

Research and data analysis: Support ongoing research initiatives to continually assess the mental health landscape, identify emerging trends, and tailor interventions accordingly. Regularly analyze data from helplines, surveys, and other sources to inform evidence-based strategies.

Global collaboration: Collaborate with international organizations, drawing on global best practices and experiences to enhance Hong Kong's mental health initiatives. Participate in global forums on mental health to stay informed about innovative approaches and strategies.

Implementing these measures collectively will contribute to fostering a positive and supportive environment for mental health in Hong Kong, showcasing the city's commitment to the well-being of its residents and reflecting its level of civilization.

The views do not necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

Lau Kin-shing

The author is vice-president of the Hong Kong Psychological Counselling and Consultation Society, a full member of the Asian Academy of Family Therapy, and mental health affair director of Chinese Dream Think Tank.