2023-12-18 中國日報香港版

Teen issues need a multifaceted approach   

The recent incident of a violent attack outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government's headquarters involving a 17-year-old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) highlights the critical mental health challenges faced by Hong Kong teenagers.

ASD, a complex neurodevelopmental condition, significantly shapes the experiences of adolescents. Understanding the nuanced impact of ASD on this demographic is crucial for designing targeted interventions and cultivating an inclusive society that embraces such patients.

Adolescents with ASD often grapple with distinct social challenges. Deficits in social communication and interaction skills can hinder the formation of peer relationships. The manifestation of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors may contribute to social isolation. Addressing these challenges involves promoting social skills training, creating inclusive environments, and fostering a culture of understanding and acceptance in society.

The educational landscape for adolescents with ASD is marked by unique hurdles. Sensory sensitivities, difficulties in communication, and a preference for routine can affect their academic performance. Tailored educational interventions, individualized support plans and teacher training in ASD awareness are essential components of creating an inclusive educational environment.

Adolescents with ASD often contend with heightened anxiety and difficulty managing their emotions. The interplay between the challenges of navigating social and educational settings can contribute to mental-health concerns. Early identification, access to mental-health resources and the cultivation of coping strategies are pivotal in promoting the emotional well-being of adolescents with ASD.

While ASD poses challenges, targeted interventions can significantly improve outcomes for adolescents. Applied behavioral analysis, social skills training and cognitive-behavioral therapies have demonstrated efficacy. Collaborative efforts involving educators, mental-health professionals and families are instrumental in implementing and reinforcing these interventions.

Creating an inclusive society necessitates a shift in societal attitudes toward neurodiversity. Public awareness campaigns, anti-stigma initiatives and policies promoting accessibility can contribute to a more inclusive environment for adolescents with ASD. Additionally, fostering opportunities for meaningful participation in community activities enhances their sense of belonging.

In the wake of the post-pandemic era, teenagers in Hong Kong are grappling with unprecedented challenges to their mental health. The Hong Kong Family Welfare Society conducted the Hong Kong Adolescent Mental Health Survey earlier, collecting responses from 2,464 secondary school students aged between 12 and 19 from 40 participating schools. The survey results indicate that more than half of the respondents feel their mental health is suboptimal, attributing this to academic pressures and family-related factors. The alarming statistic that nearly 1 in 10 teenagers consider their mental health extremely poor necessitates a closer examination of the factors contributing to this mental-health crisis.

Root causes of mental-health problems

Academic pressure: The overwhelming majority of teenagers, 95.1 percent, point to academic performance as a major factor affecting their mental health. This highlights the need for a paradigm shift in the education system, emphasizing holistic development over purely academic achievement. The HKSAR government should explore ways to reduce the burden of academic expectations while fostering an environment that values diverse talents and skills.

Family expectations: The weight of family expectations, identified by 93.7 percent of teenagers, suggests the need for a nuanced approach to parenting. Encouraging parents to set realistic expectations, recognizing individual strengths and fostering open communication channels can contribute significantly to alleviating this pressure. Public awareness campaigns can play a role in shifting societal attitudes toward achievement and success.

Family relationships: Family relationships, as reported by 92.2 percent of teenagers, play a crucial role in mental health. Enhancing family dynamics requires a concerted effort from both parents and teenagers. Parenting programs that promote empathy, mutual understanding and effective communication can be beneficial. Creating platforms for teenagers to express their concerns and parents to gain insights into contemporary challenges can bridge generational gaps.

Implovement recommendations

School mental-health education: Integrating robust mental-health education into the school curriculum is imperative. This includes teaching coping strategies, stress management and resilience-building. Schools should provide counseling services and create an inclusive environment where students feel comfortable discussing mental-health concerns.

Family communication programs: Government-led initiatives promoting healthy family communication can have a profound impact. Workshops, support groups and online resources can guide parents in understanding the unique challenges faced by teenagers. Encouraging open conversations about mental health within families fosters a supportive environment for teenagers to express their concerns.

Community engagement: For teenagers interested in community activities, offering targeted training and experiential programs can empower them to explore their interests. Community engagement not only provides a positive outlet for energy but also enhances a sense of belonging. The government should collaborate with community organizations to create opportunities for teenagers to contribute meaningfully to society.

Addressing the mental-health challenges Hong Kong teenagers face requires a multifaceted approach that involves not only educational institutions and families but also the broader community. By implementing targeted policies, promoting open communication and fostering community engagement, it is possible to create an environment where teenagers can thrive mentally and emotionally. The collaboration of stakeholders is paramount to building a resilient and mentally healthy teenage population in Hong Kong.

The views do not necessarily reflect those of China Daily.

Lau Kin-shing

The author is vice-president of the Hong Kong Psychological Counselling & Consultation Society, a senior Chinese psychological counselor and course instructor, and a full member of the Asian Academy of Family Therapy.